Conference 7004
Monday-Friday 14-18 April 2008
Proceedings of SPIE Vol. 7004
19th International Conference on Optical Fibre Sensors
Conference Chair: David D. Sampson, The Univ. of Western Australia (Australia)
Conference Co-Chairs: Stephen F. Collins, Victoria Univ. (Australia); Kyunghwan (Ken) Oh, Yonsei Univ. (South Korea); Ryozo R. Yamauchi, Fujikura Ltd. (Japan)
Monday 14 April
Parallel Workshop Tutorials
PDFs, where available, can be downloaded by clicking on the link next to the title.
"Optical Fibre Sensors: Enabling the Next Generation, Stretching the Present Generation"
The field of optical fibre sensors has undergone significant evolution over the last decade, following the rapid development of photonics components and subsystems and the growth in application areas spanning civil engineering, aerospace, oil & gas industries, security, and biotechnology. World leaders in photonics and optical fibre sensors will present in two tutorial streams aimed at providing value to a broad cross-section of the OFS community. One stream will be aimed at enabling the next generation of OFS research leaders, the other at stretching the boundaries of knowledge of the current generation..
| STREAM A: Room: Rottnest Room | Mon. 13:30 - 15:30 |
13.30 - 14.30: Prof Jose Lopez-Higuera, University of Cantabria, Spain, Photonic sensors: principles, currents and trends
14.30 - 15.30: Dr Maryanne Large, University of Sydney, Australia, Polymer fibre sensors, PDF download [3.21 MB]
| STREAM B: Room: Garden/Carnac Room | Mon. 13:30 - 15:30 |
13.30 - 14.30: Prof Tanya Monro, University of Adelaide, Australia, Fibre Bragg grating/Photonic crystal fibre fundamentals, PDF download [16.5 MB]
14.30 - 15.30: Prof Julian Jones, Heriot Watt University, United Kingdom, Optical fibre interferometry
| Coffee/Tea break | Mon. 15:30 - 16:00 |
| STREAM A: Room: Rottnest Room | Mon. 16:00 - 18:00 |
16.00 - 17.00: Dr Anna Mignani, CNR-Institute of Applied Physics 'Nello Carrara', Italy, PDF download [3.82 MB] Spectroscopic and chemical sensors
17.00 - 18.00: Dr Vincent Wallace, University of Western Australia, Australia, Optical fibre medical and biosensors
| STREAM B: Room: Garden/Carnac Room | Mon. 16:00 - 18:00 |
16.00 - 17.00: Dr Wolfgang Ecke, IPHT Jena, Germany, Applications of FBG sensors, PDF download [3.88 MB]
17.00 - 18.00: Prof Kazuo Hotate, University of Tokyo, Distributed optical fibre sensors and their applications
If you want your talk to appear on this page, please send the powerpoint file or a pdf version of it to the OFS-19 Secretariat.
Abstracts and Biographies
Prof Jose Lopez-Higuera
AbstractAn integrated vision of photonic sensing technologies (in the wide sense of the term) will be addressed. Their main sensing principles, techniques and structures will be revised. Finally, in order to help on decisions to focus research activities for the near future, hot research topics will be identified and the market tendencies analyzed.
Biography
Jose Miguel Lopez-Higuera was born in February 1954, in the village of Ramales de la Victoria, Cantabria (Spain). He obtained his Telecommunication Technical Engineering degree in the Universidad Laboral de Alcalá de Henares, and his Telecommunication Engineering degree in the Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM). He achieved his PhD degree in Telecommunication Engineering, with an extraordinary award, in the UPM. He founded and is the head of the Photonics Engineering Group of the TEISA Department in the University of Cantabria.Presently, he works in the development of Photonics Instrumentation, Photonic/optical fibre sensor systems for civil engineering, electrical power, environmental and smart structures and for optical diagnostics for industrial applications. He has directed more that fifty R&D projects and has written or co-written more than four hundred publications in the form of books, chapters of books, papers and conferences, both national and international, and obtained 10 industrial publications (patents). His is the editor and co-author of: i) the book "Optical Sensors", UC, 1998; ii) of the "Handbook of Photonic Sensing Technology" ,Wiley and Sons, 2002 and iii) the co-editor of the book "Engineering a High-Tech Business: Entrepreneurial experiences and Insights", published by SPIE-Press,USA, 2008. Professor Lopez-Higuera is senior member of the IEEE and member of the IEE, SPIE and OSA.
Dr Maryanne Large
AbstractPolymer optical fibres (POF) have been used for a wide variety of sensing applications including strain and deformation, distance sensors, and the detection of liquids and gases. In some applications they have advantages over silica based sensors because of the very different mechanical properties of polymer and glass. For example the Young's modulus of silica is 72 GPa for silica, compared to 3.2 GPa for the most common optical polymer, polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA). The elastic limit of PMMA is also an order of magnitude higher than that of silica. POF sensors are often based on ideas already used in silica-glass fibre sensors, but exploit the ruggedness and low cost of POF for harsh environments and disposable sensors. Examples are displacement and pressure sensors utilising the change of loss in a tightly bent fibre coil that is subjected to pressure or deformation. Historically POF sensors have suffered the disadvantage that it was very difficult to make single mode fibres in polymer, a problem that has been resolved by the development of microstructured polymer fibres (mPOF). The development of mPOF also open up new possibilities, particularly in biosensing. By filling all or selected the holes (depending on the design) of the microstructure it is possible to get guidance in liquids, and the high surface-area/volume ratio that can be used for surface-based effects. The selective detection of antibodies in microstructured polymer optical fibres has been demonstrated and metal coating of the holes or use of metal colloids allows them to be used as a platform for Surface Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy (SERS), a technique which potentially combines very high sensitivity with detailed molecular spectra.
BiographyDr Large studied at the University of Sydney (BSc) and Trinity College Dublin (PhD) before becoming a Marie Curie Postdoctoral Fellow in Paris. She worked as a lecturer at the Dublin Institute of Technology before returning to Australia in 2000. She is a one of the pioneers of microstructured polymer optical fibres (mPOF), and recently authored a book on the subject. Her work in POF sensing has included strain and bend sensors based on Long Period Gratings in mPOF, and aqueous sensing. Dr Large won the CommsWorld Award for Excellence in Innovation in 2002, and the Australian Museum Eureka Award for ICT Innovation in 2004, the Australasian Science Prize in 2005 and a Gold 'Humie' for human competitive design for the use of evolutionary approaches to the design of microstructured fibres in 2007.She is a member of the International Committee of Plastic Optical Fibers and co-chair of the International Conference on Plastic Optical Fibres to be held in Sydney in 2009.
Prof Tanya Monro
AbstractFibre Bragg Gratings in conventional optical fibres have already led to a broad range of versatile light-based sensing technologies. The introduction of structure within the transverse cross-section of optical fibres to produce Microstructured optical fibres has further extended the range of sensing possibilities that can be accessed with optical fibres via the interaction of guided light with materials located in the air cores. This tutorial will cover the fundamentals of both Fibre Bragg Gratings and Microstructured optical fibres. In each case, starting from basic concepts, the operation, critical parameters, fabrication, design and properties of these microstructures will be reviewed. Particular emphasis will be given to the optical properties that are of most relevance to sensing applications. The state of the art for each field both in terms of current research capabilities and commercially available products will be presented. Future opportunities for research, development and application of these microstructures will be assessed.
BiographySince 2005, Professor Tanya Monro has been the Chair of Photonics and the Director of the DSTO Centre of Expertise in Photonics within the School of Chemistry & Physics at the University of Adelaide. From 1998 to 2004, Tanya worked at the ORC at the University of Southampton, UK, on silica and soft glass microstructured optical fibres, where she was a Royal Society University Research Fellow. Prior to this she completed a PhD at the University of Sydney, Australia on self-written waveguides in photosensitive glasses, and she received the Bragg Gold Medal for the best physics PhD in Australia in 1998 for this work. Current research within the Centre of Expertise in Photonics focuses on the design, fabrication and device applications of new classes of soft glass microstructured optical fibres, with a particular emphasis in the areas of sensing, the mid-infrared, new fibre lasers and nonlinear fibres. Tanya Monro has published more than 260 papers in referred journals and conferences, and has presented more then 50 invited talks. In 2006 she was awarded the Cosmos Magazine inaugural "Bright Sparks" award, in 2007 she was listed by the Sunday Mail as one of Adelaide's 50 "Rising Stars" and was a finalist for the SA Scientist of the Year Award.
Prof Julian Jones
AbstractAmongst optical fibre sensors, perhaps the most generic and ubiquitous technology is that of interferometry. Optical interferometry has long been known as a most sensitive metrological technique. However, the advent of optical fibres have made interferometry a feasible engineering solution for practical measurement problems. The earliest important potential applications were the optical fibre gyroscope and hydrophone, which each have more than thirty years of development behind them, and are well established. The range of applications successfully tackled by optical fibre interferometry is extensive, spanning the measurement of temperature, pressure, strain, electric and magnetic fields and even chemical measurements.
The purpose of this tutorial is to present the underlying principles of optical fibre interferometry, assuming a knowledge of the basics in conventional optics. The measurement principle is a modulation of the optical path length in a fibre by the measurand, in turn converted to an optical phase change and thence intensity change in an interferometry. Additional complications arise on considering the polarisation properties of the fibres, which also give additional sensing opportunities.
Optoelectronic processing is required to recover the phase and hence the measurand, with refinements necessary to increase the measurement range beyond a single interference fringe or to isolate the effect of a single measurand from competing stimuli. A particular advantage of the optical fibre sensor is its suitability for multiplexing, with most techniques based on time, frequency, wavelength or coherence division.
Closely related to the optical fibre interferometer is the in-fibre Bragg grating, in which the transduction principle is the modulation of the resonant reflected wavelength in response to the measurand. The operating principle is analogous to that of an interferometer, and fibre interferometry provides a convenient and sensitive way of measuring the wavelength shift.
These foundations of the subject of optical fibre interferometry will be illustrated by some applications including the chief ones of the hydrophone and gyroscope, and the commercially important one of electric current measurement. Further illustrations are drawn from the presenter's laboratory, including: miniature interferometers for very high bandwidth temperature and pressure measurement, with applications in experimental aerodynamics and explosives research; multicore fibres for shape measurement; and photonic crystal fibres interrogated by dispersive Fourier transform spectroscopy, in which the microstructure can be tailored to provide the required sensitivity to specific measurands.
BiographyJulian Jones studied physics at the University of Wales, Aberystwyth, where he gained his BSc and in 1980 a PhD on the plasma chemistry of excimer lasers. After a brief period as a research associate in Aberystwyth he moved to the University of Kent at Canterbury as a Lecturer, where he developed his interests in optical instrumentation. In 1988 he moved to Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh where he established a research group specialising in the physics and technology of optical fibres, with over 500 publications in the field. In 1992 he became Professor of Engineering Optics, in 1998 Head of the Department of Physics and in 2002 Head of the School of Engineering and Physical Sciences. Since 2006 has been an Honorary Professor at the University of Edinburgh. In 2007, he was appointed to the new position of Deputy Principal of Strategy and Resources at Heriot-Watt University.
His particular research interests are in optical fibre sensors using coherent optical techniques and spectroscopy in guided-wave and miniature optical structures as sensors within instrumentation systems; sensor applications of photonic crystal fibres; high power fibre delivery systems for laser-material processing including fundamental studies of power and energy handling of waveguides; and free-space interferometers for detection of e.g. acoustic emission or surface form, laser velocimetry and speckle pattern interferometry.
Amongst his external appointments he is a Director of OptoSci Ltd, President of the UK Consortium for Photonics and Optics, a member of the UK Department for Universities, Innovation and Science Photonics Leadership Group, a former member of the Council of the Institute of Physics and was Chairman of the Atomic Weapons Establishment Corporate Advisory Panel, 2002 2006. He has made many contributions to the work of the Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council. Julian Jones was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society of Edinburgh in 2000 and a Fellow of the Optical Society of America in 2004. He was appointed as an Officer of the Order of the British Empire in the New Year's Honours of 2002, 'for services to science and engineering'.
Dr Anna Mignani
AbstractMore than 20 years have passed after the first examples of spectroscopic or reagent-mediated fiber optic sensors. Oxymetry, pH, or other chemical sensors are now commercially available, while innovative ideas are constantly being proposed, exploiting the availability of new materials and new technologies. The tutorial will review the opportunities offered by commercially-available products for direct spectroscopy through optical fibers, and some applications in digital mapping of food and other industrial products. In addition, commercially-available reagent-mediated sensors will be reviewed, together with the latest ideas of probe designs, such as those based on long period gratings, microstructured fibers, microcantilevers, microspheres and microbridges. The tutorial will also present the most promising materials for implementing innovative reagent-mediated sensors, such as ZnO nanobelts, carbon nanotubes, and quantum dots.
Biography
Anna Grazia Mignani was born in Bologna, Italy, in 1957. She holds a Laurea in Physics and a PhD in Non Destructive Testings from Università di Firenze, Italy. Since 1983 she works at CNR-IFAC, at present as senior scientist. Her research work includes fiber optic and micro optic sensors, passive guided-wave components for sensing applications, and fiber optic sensor networks. This activity is documented by many journal and conference publications, invited talks, and some international patents. She managed national and international research contracts on application oriented optical sensing. She chaired the 14th International Conference on Optical Fiber Sensors, some SPIE Conferences on Optical Sensing, and she served as Guest Editor of IEEE Sensors Journal and IOP Measurement Science and Technology. She is a member of the Board of the Italian Society of Sensors and Microsystems.Dr Vincent Wallace
AbstractThere have been a number of developments in the field of optical fibre biosensors and fibre optic probes that are key elements for biomedical spectroscopic sensing. More sensors for specific analytes have been reported, novel sensing chemistries or transduction principles have been introduced, and applications in various analytical fields have been realised. This tutorial will cover some recent developments and applications of optical fibre biosensors. The tutorial will also review the use of fibre optic probes for optical spectroscopy, focusing on applications in turbid media, such as tissue. Basic light-tissue interactions will be covered and the design of probes for reflectance, polarized reflectance, fluorescence, and Raman spectroscopy will be discussed.
Biography
Vincent Wallace has over 15 years of experience in Biophotonics. He graduated with a PhD in Medical Physics from the Institute of Cancer Research, University of London, in 1997. After three years at the Beckman Laser Institute and Medical Clinic, University of California, he joined Toshiba Research Europe in Cambridge, UK to look at potential medical applications of terahertz radiation. TeraView Ltd, also based in Cambridge, was spun-out of Toshiba Labs in April 2001 to commercialise Terahertz Technologies. At TeraView, Vince was head of a group developing THz technology for medical applications being the first to image tissue in vitro and in vivo using terahertz light. In 2007 he moved to the University of Western Australia where he continues to work in terahertz imaging as well as multiphoton processes and OCT.He has had over 25 invitations to present at domestic and international meetings. In 2007 he gave the plenary presentation at an International Conference on Topical Problems in Biophotonics, Nizhniy Novgorod, Russia. He has filed and been awarded several patents on medical diagnostics and imaging technologies. Currently he is Associate Editor of the "IEEE Transactions on Information Technology in Biomedicine", guest editorial board member of the "Journal of Biomedical Optics" and on the Editorial Board of "The Open Dermatology Journal".
Dr Wolfgang Ecke
AbstractThe tutorial is based on technical experiences in development and numerous practical industry deployment of FBG sensors and sensor systems, how to implement these in practice, both in terms of optics and electronics.
Technical means will be analysed, which make FBG to an attractive sensing solution: draw tower Bragg grating technology, sensor-specific fibre coatings, sensor packaging. Sensor system technologies are discussed, among them the fibre-optic, opto-electronic hardware and software concepts that transform low-cost polychromator read-out into high-quality FBG interrogation.
Technical FBG sensor implementations can show significant advantages against other sensor technologies, for instance in aerospace, transport and energy sectors. For such examples, the specific monitoring conditions are characterised, which ask in particular for application of FBG sensors. Reasons are discussed, how monitoring creates added value, e.g., enhanced efficiency and availability of power generation or railway service.
The tutorial concludes with a review of opportunities and issues of FBG sensing technique, open for vibrant discussion: about basic limits, barriers necessary to overcome, and more about active technology trends and potential large and micro scale application fields, e.g., in extreme high and low temperature energetics, or in biochemical lab-on-fibre analysis.
BiographyDr. Wolfgang Ecke is physicist and vice-head of Fiber Optic Systems Department at the Institute of Photonic Technology (IPHT) in Jena, Germany. After previous experiences in semiconductor physics, he works now for long time in R&D of fibre-optic interferometric and Bragg grating sensor components and sensor systems. His projects aim always at direct transfer of technical sensing solutions, to leading industrial partners in geo-technique, aerospace, transport, and energy sectors. Other activities include teaching Fibre Optics at Jena University of Applied Sciences, work as program chair of Optical Fibre Sensors and SPIE Smart Structures conferences.
Prof Kazuo Hotate
AbstractOptical fibers can act as a sensor for strain, pressure and temperature through the optical properties, such as scattering, propagation-modes coupling, and so on. By additionally applying appropriate ways to analyze distribution of these properties along the fiber, the "distributed optical fiber sensors" can be realized. These sensor systems, which are sometimes called as "fiber optic nerve systems," sense damages induced in materials and structures, such as aircraft wings, pipe lines, bridges and tunnels, in which the fiber is embedded. The materials and structures that can feel pain, which are realized by the "fiber optic nerve systems," are expected to be the key for enhancing the safety and security in the 21st century society.
As the ways to analyze the distributed information, several techniques have been proposed and developed. Time domain techniques, in which pulsed lightwave is launched into the fiber and the backscattered component is measured as a function of time, have been developed. Distributed temperature sensing systems based on Raman scattering have already been available commercially. Distributed strain sensing based on Brillouin scattering has also been developed. In these time domain techniques, typical spatial resolution is about 1m, which is not enough for some applications. Dynamic strain sensing is required for the health monitoring of the structures and the materials. However, the measurement time of these techniques is more than several minutes.
To overcome these difficulties, optical correlation domain techniques have been proposed, in which interference nature of the continuous lightwave is synthesized to obtain the distributed information. By applying the technique, for example, to the fiber Brillouin distributed strain sensing, the spatial resolution of about 2mm and the sampling rate of 1kHz have already been demonstrated, respectively. By applying the correlation domain technique, distributed lateral force measurement and a multiplexing scheme of fiber Bragg grating sensors have also been developed.
In this tutorial talk, various types of the fiber optic nerve systems are explained, showing the principle, the performance and the applications.
BiographyKazuo Hotate was born in Tokyo, Japan, on June 20, 1951. He received the B.E., M.E., and Dr.Eng. degrees in electronic engineering from the University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan, in 1974, 1976, and 1979, respectively. In 1979, he joined the University of Tokyo as a Lecturer. He became a Professor in 1993 in the Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology (RCAST), the University of Tokyo, and currently he is a Professor in the Department of Electronic Engineering, School of Engineering, the University of Tokyo. Since April, 2008, he serves as the Dean of the School of Engineering.
He was engaged in research of projection-type holography, and measurement and analysis of optical fiber characteristics. At present, he is working on photonic sensing, including "fiber optic nerve systems." He has authored and coauthored several books on optical fibers and optical fiber sensors, and more than 300 journal papers and international conference presentations.
Prof. Hotate is Fellow of the IEEE, Fellow of the Institute of Electronics, Information, and Communication Engineers (IEICE), and Fellow of the Society of Instrumentation and Control Engineers (SICE). He is currently a member in the Board of Governor of the IEEE/LEOS. He received awards on photonic sensing, such as the Ichimra Prize from the New Technology Development Foundation (2001), the Hasunuma Prize from the SICE (2002), and the Electronics Society Prize from the IEICE (2003).
He served as the co-chairs for the SPIE Fiber Optic Gyros: Twentieth Anniversary Conference (1996), the Technical Program Committee Chair for OFS-13 (1999), and the General Chair for OFS-16 (2003). He has been serving as the Leader of the 21st Century COE (Center of Excellence) Program (2002-2006) and the Global COE Program (2007-) in Electronics formed in the University of Tokyo by the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology, Japan.