Conference 7004
Monday-Friday 14-18 April 2008
Proceedings of SPIE Vol. 7004
19th International Conference on Optical Fibre Sensors
Conference Chair: David D. Sampson, The Univ. of Western Australia (Australia)
Conference Co-Chairs: Stephen F. Collins, Victoria Univ. (Australia); Kyunghwan (Ken) Oh, Yonsei Univ. (South Korea); Ryozo R. Yamauchi, Fujikura Ltd. (Japan)
Thursday 17 April
Posters-Thursday
| Room: Orion/Pleiades Room | Thu. 17:15 - 19:00 |
Cryogenic characteristics of fibre Bragg grating (FBG) strain sensor, Beirong Liu, Beijing Pi-Optics Ltd. (China) [7004-165]
A new Fibre Bragg Grating (FBG) based strain sensor with rhombic encapsulation structure was introduced. The mechanical properties and temperature characteristics of the sensor was analysed using the Finite Element Method. The wavelength and strain change of the sensor were measured under liquid nitrogen temperature. Experimental results present that the strain coefficient of the sensor was -0.7185με/pm, with excellent linearity up to 0.9998.
Photonic liquid crystal fibers for electric field and hydostatic pressure sensing, Tomasz R. Wolinski, Slawomir Ertman, Marzena Tefelska, Piotr Lesiak, Aleksandra Czapla, Andrzej W. Domanski, Politechnika Warszawska (Poland); Edward Nowinowski-Kruszelnicki, Roman Dabrowski, Wojskowa Akademia Techniczna (Poland); Jan Wojcik, Maria Curie Sklodowska Univ. (Poland) [7004-166]
Photonic Crystal Fibers, optical fibers with regular structure of micro-holes running along the axial direction, have ability to change their optical properties through inserting different materials into their holes. The paper presents our latest experimental results of the influence of external electric field and hydrostatic pressure on propagation properties of the photonic crystal fibers infiltrated with liquid crystals clearly indicating great potential for electric field and hydrostatic pressure sensing applications. Operating range of both electric field and hydrostatic pressure sensors can be tailored by different combination of a host photonic crystal fiber and a liquid crystal used for infiltration. Moreover, by changing the operating wavelength different sensor responses can be obtained.
Tilted fibre Bragg gratings for the specific detection of biological species, Severine Maguis, Guillaume Laffont, Pierre Ferdinand, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique (France); Marie C. Millot, Khémara Kham, Univ. Paris 12 Val-de-Marne (France); Sébastien Peralta, Univ. de Cergy Pontoise (France) [7004-168]
We present biosensors rely on the combined use of a Tilted Fibre Bragg Grating refractometer and of an electrostatic self-assembly technique. The results show the feasibility of the sensor for various biological or chemical applications.
Optical fiber-coupled flow cells and their application in in situ water analysis, Günther Schwotzer, Hartmut Lehmann, Lars Kröckel, Torsten Wieduwilt, Reinhard Willsch, IPHT Jena (Germany) [7004-169]
Liquid core wave guides (LCW) are particularly suited as flow-through cells for highly sensitive spectral analysis of small liquid sample volumes as the light propagation is constrained to the liquid core. We report on LCW formed by coating the inside of glass capillaries with Teflon® AF 1600 (n ≈ 1.31). The wave guiding losses are between 0.2 and 0.3 dB/cm. On the base of fiber-coupled LCW flow-through cells both, a spectrophotometer and a fluorescence detector have been developed and tested for in-situ water analysis, especially for nitrate and phosphate detection in sea water.
Measurement of spontaneous Brillouin scattering in optical fiber with a fiber Bragg grating Sagnac loop, Zhonghua Ou, Univ. of Electronic Science and Technology of China (China) [7004-172]
A novel method for direct optical detection of spontaneous Brillouin scattering in optical fiber by using a fiber Bragg grating (FBG) Sagnac loop is introduced. The transmission character as an optical filter of FBG Sagnac loop is investigated theoretically. The filter which is based on an asymmetric grating Sagnac loop is manufactured and used in the measurement of spontaneous Brillouin scattering sensing system, and the separation of backscattered spontaneous Brillouin from Rayleigh is achieved effectively. It is demonstrated that the fiber grating Sagnac loop filter can be applied in the distributed sensing system based on spontaneous Brillouin scattering.
PMMA optical fibers as intrinsic sensors of surface crystal growth, Martijn Boerkamp, David W. Lamb, Peter G. Lye, Univ. of New England (Australia) [7004-173]
Surface crystallization has been monitored using PMMA optical fibers as an in-situ optical fiber sensor. Exceeding the glass transition temperature of PMMA, as well as coiling and pre-bending, highly impacted the sensitivity.
Fibre Fabry-Perot sensor for acoustic detection, Sanderson Lima, Orlando Frazão, Francisco M. Araújo, Luis A. Ferreira, Vladimiro Miranda, José L. Santos, INESC Porto (Portugal) [7004-174]
This work reports investigation on the applicability of fibre Fabry-Pérot interferometers for acoustic detection both in air and in liquids
Experimental results of antigliadin antibodies detection using long-period fiber grating, Jesus M. Corres, Ignacio R. Matias, Javier Goicoechea, Francisco J. Arregui, Univ. Pública de Navarra (Spain); Diana Viegas, Francisco M. Araujo, Jose L. Santos, Univ. do Porto (Portugal) [7004-175]
A new nano-biofilm is proposed for the detection of celiac disease. A long-period fiber grating (LPFG) is used and its surface is coated with a layer of SiO2-nanospheres using the electrostatic self-assembly technique (ESA).
Polarisation mode coupling of excessively tilted fibre Bragg gratings with directional transverse loading, Rui Suo, Xianfeng Chen, Kaiming Zhou, Lin Zhang, Ian Bennion, Aston Univ. (United Kingdom) [7004-176]
We report a distinctive polarisation mode coupling behaviour of ex-45deg TFBGs with intrinsic birefringence under transverse load, which may be explored for vector sensors capable of measuring the magnitude and orientation of the transverse load.
Fiber Bragg gratings for measuring pH and strain in concrete structures, David Barrera, Salvador Sales, Univ. Politécnica de Valencia (Spain); Manuel Cruz-Yusta, Instituto Tecnológico de la Construcción (Spain); María L. Lozano, Asociacion Industrial De Optica, Color E Imagen (Spain); José M. Lloris, Instituto Tecnológico de la Construcción (Spain); Vicente Micó, Asociacion Industrial De Optica, Color E Imagen (Spain); Raimundo García-Olcina, Univ. Politécnica de Valencia (Spain); José J. Esteve-Taboada, José A. Carrión, Asociacion Industrial De Optica, Color E Imagen (Spain); María J. López, Instituto Tecnológico de la Construcción (Spain); Teresa Molina-Jiménez, Asociacion Industrial De Optica, Color E Imagen (Spain) [7004-177]
We show the basic mechanism of optical pH sensors using hydrogels and FBGs. We show the experimental results obtained and the importance of a precise formulation of the hydrogel an appropriated design of our transducer.
Using fiber Bragg gratings to measure Lamb waves in an anisotropic composite plate, Yakov Botsev, Eyal Arad, Moshe Tur, Tel Aviv Univ. (Israel); Iddo Kressel, Israel Aircraft Industries Ltd. (Israel); Shlomit Gali, Consultant (Israel); Graham Thursby, Brian Culshaw, Strathclyde Univ. (United Kingdom) [7004-178]
Lamb Waves propagation in orthotropic composite plate was investigated using FBG sensors. The un-concentric wave shape was measured with good correlation to FE analysis.
Fibre refractometer based on a Fabry-Pérot interferometer, Susana Silva, Orlando Frazão, Paulo Caldas, José L. Santos, Francisco M. Araújo, Luis A. Ferreira, INESC Porto (Portugal) [7004-179]
A Fibre optic sensor for liquid refractive index measurement based on the visibility variations of a Fabry-Perot interferometer with interfering waves generated in a short FBG and in the fibre tip (Fresnel reflection).
Curvature sensor based on a fibre loop mirror using a highly birefringent photonic crystal fibre with two asymmetric hole regions, Orlando Frazão, José M. Baptista, José L. Santos, INESC Porto (Portugal); Philippe Roy, Xlim (France) [7004-182]
In this work, a curvature sensor based on a novel highly birefringent (Hi-Bi) photonic crystal fibre loop mirror is presented.
Modal LPG-based Mach-Zehnder interferometer with controlled sensitivity for refractive index measurement, Paulo Caldas, Pedro Jorge, Francisco Araújo, Luís A. Ferreira, Gaspar Rego, INESC Porto (Portugal) [7004-184]
LPG-based Mach-Zehnder interferometer coherence addressed and pseudo-heterodyne interrogated was evaluated as a sensing structure for environmental refractive index measurement. The enhancement of the system sensitivity to refractive index changes when the interferometer was stretched, bent or twisted was studied.
Combined fiber optic network for communication and measurement using a hetero-core spliced fiber optic sensor, Hiroyuki Sasaki, Michiko Nishiyama, Emiko Kondo, Norihiko Shinomiya, Kazuhiro Watanabe, Soka Univ. (Japan) [7004-185]
We have proposed that a hetero-core spliced fiber optic sensor was inserted into an existing communication line. This study clarifies that the combined optical fiber network for communication and measurement can be achieved.
Demonstration of a novel sensing mechanism based on double plasmonic excitation in photonic crystal fibers, Alireza Hassani, Bertrand Gauvreau, Maksim Skorobogatiy, Ecole Polytechnique de Montréal (Canada) [7004-186]
A honeycomb photonic crystal fiber-based surface plasmon resonance sensor operating at near-IR is introduced. A novel sensing mechanism based on the detection of breaking of an degeneracy between the two plasmonic excitations is demonstrated.
Embedded fibre Bragg grating array sensors in aluminium alloy matrix by ultrasonic consolidation, Chengbo Mou, Pouneh Saffari, Aston Univ. (United Kingdom); Dezhi Li, Loughborough Univ. (United Kingdom); Kaiming Zhou, Lin Zhang, Aston Univ. (United Kingdom); Rupert Soar, Loughborough Univ. (United Kingdom); Ian Bennion, Aston Univ. (United Kingdom) [7004-187]
Fibre Bragg Grating array sensors have been successfully embedded in aluminium alloy matrix by ultrasonic consolidation technique.The temperature and loading responses of the embedded FBG arrays have been systematically characterised.
Multiplexed sensor of dynamic strains using photorefractive wave mixing in the reflection geometry, Salvatore Di Girolamo, Univ. of Kuopio (Finland) [7004-188]
We show multiplexing of multimode fiber sensors for detection of dynamic strains by using vectorial wave mixing in photorefractive crystal of CdTe:V. The system exhibits lower crosstalk than the noise level of any channel.
Simultaneous measurement of strain and temperature using a Lyot fiber filter and a fiber Bragg grating in linear configuration, Linh V. Nguyen, Dusun Hwang, Dae Seung Moon, Youngjoo Chung, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (South Korea) [7004-189]
Simultaneous measurement of temperature and strain using fiber optics sensor was carried out by use of Lyot fiber filter incorporated with a fiber Bragg grating in linear configuration
Intensity-based optical fiber strain sensor using long-period grating and core mode blocker, Dusun Hwang, Linh V. Nguyen, Daeseung Moon, Youngjoo Chung, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (South Korea) [7004-190]
We report an intensity based fiber strain sensor using a band-pass filter which is consist of a core mode blocker sandwiched by a LPG pair. The measured response of voltage /strain was 6.37pV/με.
Flexfuel VEHICLE alcohol-gasoline blend ratios determination by optical fiber sensoring, Rafael T. Takeishi, Edmilton Gusken, Klaus Raizer, Henrique G. E.de Souza, Bernardo M. Meirelles, Univ. Estadual de Campinas (Brazil); José L. Giacomassi, Gustavo C. Lucio, Click Automotiva (Brazil); Carlos K. Suzuki, Univ. Estadual de Campinas (Brazil) [7004-191]
The efficiency of flexfuels vehicle depends on the determination of the alcohol/gasoline ratios, this measurement can be done in real-time using an optical fiber sensor, optimizing the engine’s efficiency and reducing the consuming of fuel.
Recent progress in polymer optical fibre gratings, Chi Zhang, Karen Carroll, David Webb, Aston Univ. (United Kingdom); Grigoriy A. Emiliyanov, Ole Bang, Erik M. Kjær, Technical Univ. of Denmark (Denmark); Kyriacos Kalli, Cyprus University of Technology (Cyprus); Gangding Peng, Univ. of New South Wales (Australia) [7004-194]
We describe our recent progress in polymer fibre Bragg grating technology, including the writing of the first FBGs in TOPAS cyclic olefin copolymer, enhancements to photosensitivity brought about by dopants and studies on grating annealing.
Annealing and spectral characteristics of femtosecond laser inscribed long-period gratings written into a photonic crystal fibre, Thomas D. P.Allsop, Aston Univ. (United Kingdom); Kyriacos Kalli, Cyprus University of Technology (Cyprus); Kaiming Zhou, Mykhaylo Dubov, Yicheng Lai, Ian Bennion, David J. Webb, Aston Univ. (United Kingdom) [7004-195]
Annealing and Spectral Characteristics of Femtosecond Laser Inscribed Long Period Gratings written into a Photonic Crystal Fibre
A surface plasmon resonance fibre device for environmental sensing, Thomas D. P.Allsop, Aston Univ. (United Kingdom); Ron Neal, P. Brown, Univ. of Plymouth (United Kingdom); S. Saied, Aston Univ. (United Kingdom); Saeed Rehman, FiberLogix Ltd. (United Kingdom); Kyriacos Kalli, yprus University of Technology (Cyprus); David J. Webb, J. L. Sullivan, Aston Univ. (United Kingdom); Des Mapps, Univ. of Plymouth (United Kingdom); Ian Bennion, Aston Univ. (United Kingdom) [7004-196]
We demonstrate a surface plasmon resonance sensor that operates in air and has index resolution ~10-4 in the 1 to 1.3 index range. The sensor comprises a multi-layered thin film on a D-shaped fibre.
Effect of pulse chirp on distributed Brillouin fiber sensing, Carlos A. Galindez, Univ. de Cantabria (Spain); Luc Thevenaz, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (Switzerland) [7004-197]
The influence of the frequency chirp inherent to the generation of a pump pulse by a Mach-Zehnder intensity modulator is presented in the context of a distributed Brillouin sensor configuration. This frequency chirp depends on the pulse shape and its impact is related to the relative importance of the rising and falling edges with respect to the total pulse width. This results in a biased evaluation of the Brillouin frequency in regions where an abrupt change of this Brillouin frequency is observed.
Long-period grating fabricated using resistive filament heating, Li-Yang Shao, Jian Zhao, Xinyong Dong, Hwa-Yaw Tam, Chao Lu, Hong Kong Polytechnic Univ. (Hong Kong China); Sailing He, Zhejiang Univ. (China) [7004-198]
We fabricate and demonstrate a long-period grating (LPG) by periodically tapering a section of standard single-mode fiber using resistive filament heating. The obtained LPG has a large peak transmission attenuation of -30.31 dB with only 22 periods in a 1.0-cm long optical fiber. Such a LPG exhibits unique characteristics for sensing applications. The bending and strain sensitivities are 1.74 nm•m and 1.11 pm/me, respectively. The polarization dependent loss is large, up to 11.65dB, caused by asymmetric index profile in the cross section of the tapered LPG.
A high-speed sinusoidally frequency modulated optical reflectometry with continuous modulation frequency sweeping, Zuyuan He, Masatoshi Konishi, Kazuo Hotate, The Univ. of Tokyo (Japan) [7004-201]
A high-speed sinusoidally-frequency-modulated optical reflectometry with continuous modulation-frequency sweeping is proposed and demonstrated. In preliminary experiment, we succeed in measuring reflectivity distributions in 5-10 seconds, compared to several hundred seconds in conventional method.
Gamma-ray effects on double pass backward superfluorescent fiber sources for gyroscope applications, Zhi-Chiang Hsu, Zhi-Sheng Peng, Lon A. Wang, National Taiwan Univ. (Taiwan); Ren-Young Liu, National Space Organization (Taiwan); Fong-In Chou, National Tsing Hua Univ. (Taiwan) [7004-202]
Mean-wavelength stable superfluorescent fiber sources composed of three kinds of EDFs were irradiated by a 60Co source up to 2000Gy to compare their mean-wavelength drifts and output power losses.
B-OTDR and OFDR distributed optical fiber strain sensing for sinkhole detection, Sylvie Delepine-Lesoille, Vincent Lanticq, Lab. Central des Ponts et Chaussées (France); Pierre Magnien, Luc Dieleman, SNCF (France); Gratien Vinceslas, Ctr. d’Etudes Techniques de l’Equipement Normandie Ctr. (France); Emmanuel Bourgeois, Lab. Central des Ponts et Chaussées (France) [7004-204]
Optical fiber sensor is evaluated for sinkhole detection under railway tunnels. Tests performed on a decametric structure equipped with embedded 110 m-cable interrogated by Brillouin-OTDR and OFDR showed great performances in accordance with finite-element calculations.
Humidity sensing based on SiO2 nanospheres onto a long-period fiber grating, Diana Viegas, Univ. do Porto (Portugal) and INESC Porto (Portugal); Javier Goicoechea, Jesus Corres, Univ. Pública de Navarra (Spain); José Santos, Univ. do Porto (Portugal); Francisco Araujo, INESC Porto (Portugal); Ignacio Matias, Univ. Pública de Navarra (Spain) [7004-205]
A humidity sensor using a LPG and a nanofilm of SiO2-nanospheres deposit with ESA is proposed. With different humidity environments, the nanofilm changes its optical properties yielding to a shift in LPG resonance wavelength.
Frequency modulated continuous wave technique for referencing and multiplexing intensity based fibre optic sensors, Rosa Ana Perez-Herrera, Univ. Pública de Navarra (Spain); Dionísio A. Pereira, Orlando Frazão, INESC Porto (Portugal) and Univ. do Porto (Portugal); João M. Castro Ferreira, INESC Porto (Portugal); José Luís Santos, INESC Porto (Portugal) and Univ. do Porto (Portugal); Francisco Araújo, Luís Alberto Ferreira, INESC Porto (Portugal); José Manuel Baptista, INESC Porto (Portugal) and Univ. da Madeira (Portugal); Manuel Lopez-Amo, Univ. Pública de Navarra (Spain) [7004-206]
We report a frequency-reflectometry domain technique for referencing optical intensity sensors located between two FBGs. The experiment combines the FMCW concept with the spectrally properties of FBGs to interrogate with referencing properties intensity sensors.
Fiber optic sensor for determination of thickness of transparent plates, Sastikumar Dillibabu, Gobi Govindan, Renganathan Balusamy, National Institute of Technology/Tiruchirappalli (India) [7004-207]
Fiber optic sensor for measuring thickness of transparent plates (1 to 2.5 mm) is proposed. The peak position in the output, which various linearly, is related to the thickness. Theoretical results compared with the experiment.
Gas sensor based on PBG fiber possibilities and limitations, Joanna Pawlat, Waseda Univ. (Japan) [7004-209]
The Photonic Pandgap fiber was proposed as a new alternative for traditional glass-made gas cell used in spectroscopic measurements. Several PBG fibers were specially designed and produced for performed experiments. Gas flow within fiber was simulated and measured and ppm concentrations of ammonia gas were detected with short lengths of fiber. Final goal of the project is to produce portable and compact device for fast, ppb range measurement. Additionally, several fiber cutting methods were tested.
Hollow-core rib waveguide sensor, James A. West, Ellen M. Kosik Williams, Karl W. Koch, Corning Inc. [7004-211]
We propose a new hollow-core fiber that employs a rib-waveguide geometry for improved gas or liquid sensing. This waveguide supports a true guided mode that is connected laterally to the external environment through a hollow slab. Such designs eliminate the requirement of small transverse holes and open up new opportunities for sensing.
Fiber optic acoustic sensors for crack growth diagnostics, Dae-Cheol Seo, Il-Bum Kwon, Chi-Yeop Kim, Dong-Jin Yoon, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science (South Korea) [7004-212]
The fiber Bragg grating sensor with a drop ball was developed as a sensor for crack growth detection of an existing crack. The crack growth detection sensor was constructed with three parts: a probe part, a wavelength control light source and receiver part, and an impact part.
Methane sensing using multiple-coupling gaps in hollow-core photonic bandgap fibers, Jose M. Lázaro, Ana M. Cubillas, Manuel Silva-Lopez, Olga M. Conde, Univ. de Cantabria (Spain); Marco Petrovich, Univ. of Southampton (United Kingdom); José M. López-Higuera, Univ. de Cantabria (Spain) [7004-213]
Gas detection and gas sensing based on hollow core photonic bandgap fiber (HC-PBF) is a very promising technique due to the long interaction light-gas lengths that are achievable. However, long path-lengths also imply higher gas filling times of the hollow fiber and higher response times of the detection systems what can constitute a serious practical inconvenience. In this paper, the high sensitivity is maintained but the sensor response time is reduced by using multiple-coupling fiber gaps. The results and conclusions extracted from a systematic experimental study (comparing the spectra and filling time of different HC-PBF lengths and different number of coupling gaps) are presented and discussed. Finally, the maximum number of gaps allowed in the system is modelled.
Loss birefringence of a microstructured optical fiber containing metal coated elliptical inclusions: prospective in pressure sensing, Elio Pone, Ecole Polytechnique de Montréal (Canada) [7004-214]
By measuring splitting in the wavelengths of maximum propagation losses of the two originally degenerate plasmonic/fiber core modes, one can detect 8.10-4 ellipticity of the silver coated air inclusions. Application in pressure sensing is suggested.
Effect of humidity on optical fiber distributed sensor based on Brillouin scattering, Carlos A. Galindez, Francisco J. Madruga, Mauro Lomer, José M. López-Higuera, Univ. de Cantabria (Spain) [7004-215]
In real sensors, the crosstalk or undesirable crossed sensitivities must be minimized. Distributed Brillouin sensing is a very useful technique to measure fluctuations of temperature along an optical fiber. However, the later measurement can be influenced by the humidity on the fiber; therefore its effect must be minimized. Because the aforementioned, the Brillouin frequency changes with the humidity. Thus, for a given temperature on a distributed fiber sensor such variations have been investigated. The experimental results obtained using three different types of single mode fibers with 1000m length, at 25ºC are reported in this paper.
Fiber optic gyroscope operated with a frequency-modulated laser, Stéphane Blin, Michel J. F. Digonnet, Gordon S. Kino, Stanford Univ. [7004-216]
We demonstrate experimentally that the coherent back-reflection and backscattering noise introduced in a fiber optic gyroscope by the use of a laser is reduced by a factor of >4 by modulating the laser frequency.
Laser-driven fiber optic gyroscope with reduced noise, Vinayak Dangui, Michel J. F.Digonnet, Gordon S. Kino, Stanford Univ. [7004-217]
We report the demonstration of the first laser-driven air-core fiber optic gyroscope (FOG). Its measured noise is 150 µrad/√Hz, about 3 times lower than the noise of the best laser-driven FOG to date.
Reduction of crosstalk in inline sensor arrays using inverse scattering, Ole H. Waagaard, Erlend Rønnekleiv, Stig Forbord, Dag Thingbø, Optoplan AS (Norway) [7004-218]
Suppression of crosstalk in an FBG-based serially multiplexed interferometric sensor array is demonstrated by employing the inverse scattering. <-40 dB crosstalk is achieved with >97 % confidence in a sensor array with 5 % FBG reflectivity.
Improvement of accuracy of angular velocity detection in semiconductor fiber optic ring laser gyroscope, Tomoki Ishida, Shuichi Tamura, Satoshi Sunada, Keizo Inagaki, ATR Media Information Science Labs. (Japan); Shigeru Saito, Ritsumeikan Univ. (Japan); Takahisa Harayama, ATR Media Information Science Labs. (Japan) [7004-220]
Stable Sagnac beat frequency whose signal-to-noise ratio is over 40dB is observed by S-FOG rotation. The linewidth of Sagnac beat spectrum is almost proportional to cavity length P-1.86.
Label-free fiber optic biosensor with single PMMA functional layer, Wenhui Wang, Lisa J. Clarizia, Xingwei Wang, Melisenda McDonald, Univ. of Massachusetts/Lowell [7004-221]
A fabry-perot cavity based fiber optics biosensor using only polymethyl-methacrylate (PMMA) as functional material to form the cavity and to immobilize biomaterial is fabricated and tested by detection of anti human IgG.
Distributed strain measurement of welded tubular joint with long gauge FBG, Hideaki Murayama, Kazuro Kageyama, Kohei Ohara, Kiyoshi Uzawa, Makoto Kanai, The Univ. of Tokyo (Japan); Hirotaka Igawa, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (Japan) [7004-222]
We applied the distributed strain sensing technique with a long gauge FBG to monitoring strain distributions along a welded tubular joint of a steel pipe.
Tunable fiber laser using concatenated non-adiabatic single-mode fiber tapers, María Ángeles Quintela, Antonio Quintela, Nicolas Becue, Francisco Anabitarte, José Miguel López-Higuera, Univ. de Cantabria (Spain) [7004-223]
A tunable erbium doped fiber ring laser that incorporates four non-adiabatic concatenated fiber tapers is presented. These concatenated tapers integrates a filter with a narrow band-pass. The measured tuning range of the EDFRL is 1544.5nm-1565.3nm.
Fiber optic sensing for telecommunication satellites, Arnd G. Reutlinger, Markus Glier, Karl-Heinz Zuknik, Kayser-Threde GmbH (Germany); Lars Hoffmann, Mathias Müller, Stephan Rapp, Technische Univ. München (Germany); Charles Kurvin, Astrium GmbH (Dornier) (Germany); Thomas Ernst, HPS GmbH; Iain McKenzie, European Space Research and Technology Ctr. (Netherlands); Nikos Karafolas, European Space Agency (Netherlands) [7004-224]
Modern telecommunication satellites can benefit from the features of fiber optic sensing wrt to mass savings, improved performance and lower costs. Within the course of a technology study, launched by the European Space Agency, a fiber optic sensing system has been designed and is to be tested on representative mockups of satellite sectors and environment.
Hollow-core photonic crystal fiber high-pressure gas cell, Qing Sun, Univ. of Science and Technology of China (China) and Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics (China); Qinghe Mao D.D.S., Erming Liu, Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics (China); Hai Ming, Univ. of Science and Technology of China (China); Wenqing Liu, Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics (China) [7004-225]
Based on the investigation of the high-pressure nitrogen-filling and leaking characteristics of the HC-PCF, a new making technique for the all-fiber high-pressure HC-PCF gas cell is present. An HC-PCF nitrogen-filled cell with a pressure of 17.1atm and an insertion loss of 9.3 dB is manufactured with the technique.
A portable multifunction weight-in-motion (WIM) sensor system based on fiber Bragg grating (FBG) technology, Hongtao Zhang, Zhanxiong Wei, Qiming Zhao, Liang Guan, Jilin Zou, Lingling Fan, Stevens Institute of Technology; Shangming Yang, Yantai Univ. (China); Dongcao Song, Gregory Recine, Hongtao Cui, Stevens Institute of Technology [7004-227]
A portable, multi-function WIM sensing system based on Fiber Bragg Grating (FBG) technology is developed to measure the total weight, the distribution of weight of vehicle in motion,the distance of wheels axles and distance between left and right wheels.
Low-noise planar external cavity laser for interferometric fiber optic sensors, Lew Stolpner, Sanggeon Lee, Axel Mehnert, Steve Li, Peter Mols, Sabeur Siala, Redfern Integrated Optics, Inc.; Jeff Bush, Optiphase, Inc. [7004-229]
A 1550 nm DWDM hybrid external cavity laser is demonstrated to provide low phase /frequency noise and narrow linewidth. Cavity includes semiconductor gain chip and planar waveguide with Bragg grating, packaged in 14-pin butterfly package.
Development of a biosensor based in polymeric optical fiber to detect cells in water and fluids, Alberto Vieira da Silva, Nathalia Corrêa Chagas Souza, Marco A. Lemos Miguel, Carolina Beres, Eduardo S. Yugue, Cesar Cosenza Carvalho, José Silva Neto, Marcelo Martins Werneck, Univ. Federal do Rio de Janeiro (Brazil) [7004-230]
The development of a polymer optical fiber biosensor to detect cells in water and other fluids are demonstrated in this work. In this study we used red blood cells and the bacterium Escherichia coli.
A Tracking and Stabilization Oriented Fiber Optic Gyroscope, Behzad Moslehi, Richard J. Black, Levy Oblea, George Chen, Amado Cordova, Intelligent Fiber Optic Systems Inc.; Jeff Bush, Allen Cekorich, Optiphase, Inc.; Joung C. Ha, Air Force Research Lab. [7004-231]
We demonstrate for an unpolarized Fiber Optic Gyroscope (FOG) with open-loop electronics, that, by applying more source power and conserving optical power in the optical path, we can achieve improved Angle Random Walk (ARW) performance without enlarging loop or put in multiple turns of fiber. The predicted trends are demonstrated by the experiment in terms of bandwidth. Power-law dependency is shown within the accuracy of the instrumentation.
Simultaneous measurement of bending and temperature incorporating a sampled chirped fiber Bragg grating, Young-Geun Han, Hanyang Univ. (South Korea); Chang-Seok Kim, Pusan National Univ. (South Korea); Youngjoo Chung, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (South Korea) [7004-233]
We propose and experimentally demonstrate a simple and practical scheme for simultaneous measurement of bending and temperature with a single sampled chirped fiber Bragg grating embedded on a flexible cantilever beam.
Process/health monitoring for wind turbine blade by using FBG sensors with multiplexing techniques, Soohyun Eum, Kazuro Kageyama, Hideaki Murayama, Kiyoshi Uzawa, Isamu Ohsawa, Makoto Kanai, The Univ. of Tokyo (Japan); Hirotaka Igawa, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (Japan) [7004-234]
We applied FBG sensors and multiplexing techniques for the wind turbine blade manufactured by VaRTM. Process/health monitoring of the wind turbine blade was conducted by using embedded FBG sensors, WDM and OFDR systems successfully.
Validation of Bragg grating measurements of acoustic plate waves, Claire E. Davis, Nik Rajic, Stephane C. Rosalie, Defence Science and Technology Organisation (Australia) [7004-238]
This paper reports on the design and validation of Bragg gratings for acousto-ultrasonic monitoring applications. Experimental measurements using Laser Vibrometry and advanced numerical modelling are used to validate the grating’s response for different acoustic frequencies.
Magnetic field sensors and visualizers using magnetic photonic crystals, Mikhail Vasiliev, Kamal E. Alameh, Edith Cowan Univ. (Australia); Viatcheslav Kotov, Institute of Microtechnology (Russia) [7004-40]
Magneto-optics is widely used in magnetic field sensing. Magnetophotonic crystals enable an increase in the MO sensors’ sensitivity. Results of the fabrication and characterization of ferrite-garnet layers are shown, and an optimized nanostructure is proposed.
Photonic nanostructures for water quality monitoring, Mikhail Vasiliev, Kamal Alameh, Edith Cowan Univ. (Australia) [7004-239]
We propose a new type of sensors for water quality testing and for monitoring water contamination levels. The sensing scheme uses Fourier-transform cavity-enhanced absorption spectroscopy and compact sensing elements based on nanostructured photonic-crystal-type optical coatings.
Earth's rotation rate detection using an extremely large semiconductor fiber optic gyroscope extending over 10,000 m2, Keizo Inagaki, Shuichi Tamura, Tomoko Tanaka, Hiroyuki Noto, Takahisa Harayama, ATR Media Information Science Labs. (Japan) [7004-240]
An extremely large semiconductor fiber optic ring laser gyroscope extending over 10,898 m2, which is the largest RLG ever built, is configured, and Sagnac beat signals corresponding to the Earth’s rotation rate is detected.
Fiber optical temperature and strain measurements for monitoring and quench detection of superconducting coils, Michael Willsch, Hagen Hertsch, Thomas Bosselmann, Marijn Oomen, Siemens AG (Germany); Wolfgang Ecke, Ines Latka, IPHT Jena (Germany) [7004-241]
It has been demonstrated that Fiber Bragg Grating Sensors can measure at very low temperatures in Helium cryostats. The intrinsic temperature sensitivity is very low but can be significantly enhanced by the thermal expansion of polymer carriers. Temperature and mechanical strain changes can be measured quite accurately.
Refractometric sensor based on induced losses in the region of transition from a curved side-polished POF fiber, Mauro Lomer, Carlos A. Galindez, María A. Quintela, Antonio Quintela, Jesus Mirapeix, José M. López-Higuera, Univ. de Cantabria (Spain) [7004-242]
A refractometric sensor that uses the transition region of a U-shaped bent Plastic Optical Fiber (POF) when it is polished laterally is presented. By polishing a lateral segment of the fiber, a part of the plastic optical fiber core is removed and an elliptical surface is formed on the bend. It is found that the polishing with an angle equals to the critical angle of a straight optical fiber the sensitivity of this transducer structure is enhanced. Then, the incident light is totally reflected and the transition losses decrease locally. In addition, the sensitivity increases compared to the polishing in the region of bending losses. The proposed transducer is successfully checked with experimental measurements and different kinds of liquids. Potential applications are suggested.
FBG sensor interrogation on rotating parts of large machines in power generation plants, Michael Willsch, Siemens AG (Germany) [7004-243]
Large power engines are permanently increasing efficiency. Knowledge of thermal and mechanical loads is getting important. A novel coupling technique allows interrogation of FBG temperature and strain sensors on rotating parts which are normally not accessible.
Train axle counters by Bragg and chirped grating techniques, Weilai Li, Wuhan Univ. of Technology (China) [7004-245]
Both sensing techniques, FBG wavelength shift and FCG intensity, were applied in a train axle counting system. Their structure and the process of changing strain data into accurate axle numbers are discussed.
Photonic-based spectral reflectance sensor for ground-based plant detection and weed discrimination, Arie Paap, Sreten Askraba, Kamal Alameh, Edith Cowan Univ. (Australia); John Rowe, Photonic Detection Systems Pty Ltd. (Australia) [7004-248]
A bench prototype photonic-based spectral reflectance sensor architecture for use in selective herbicide spraying systems is described. Experimental data obtained with simulated farming vehicle traveling speeds of 7 and 22 km/h is presented.
Response of the transmission spectrum of tapered optical fibres to the deposition of a nanostructured coating, Renata Jarzebinska, C. S. Cheung, Stephen W. James, Cranfield Univ. (United Kingdom); Geoff J. Ashwell, Bangor Univ. (United Kingdom); Ralph P. Tatam, Cranfield Univ. (United Kingdom) [7004-250]
Nanostructured coatings have been deposited onto tapered optical fibres using the Langmuir Blodgett technique. The response of the transmission spectrum of the tapered fibres to changes in thickness of the coating has been analysed. The effects observed are shown to be dependent on the diameter of the tapered region
Long-period grating based refractive index sensor for chloride concentration measurement, Tong Sun, Cathy Chung Chun Lam, Rajesh Mandamparambil, Kenneth T. V.Grattan, The City Univ. (United Kingdom); Simon Grattan, Susan Taylor, Muhammed Basheer, Queen's Univ. Belfast (United Kingdom) [7004-251]
A reflective and self-interfering long period grating-based refractive index sensor is developed for the measurement of chloride ion concentrations.
Structural concrete condition monitoring using a long-period grating based humidity sensor, Tong Sun, Thillainathan Venugopalan, Kenneth T. V.Grattan, The City Univ. (United Kingdom) [7004-252]
A novel humidity sensor using long period grating technology has been designed, fabricated and characterized to determine moisture ingress in concrete structures.
Development of microsphere laser-based sensor system, Tong Sun, Jackson Yeo, Shuying Chen, The City Univ. (United Kingdom); Rob Lade, Brian Powell, Kidde plc (United Kingdom); Gideon Foster-Turner, Mike Osborne, OpTek Systems (United Kingdom) [7004-253]
Some preliminary results obtained from research into the development of a fibre-coupled microsphere laser-based system, with potential for sensor use, are discussed.
A long period grating based directional flow sensor, Stephen J. Buggy, Stephen W. James, Ralph P. Tatam, Cranfield Univ. (United Kingdom) [7004-254]
A chirped long period grating (LPG) is used as a directional flow sensor by monitoring the change in the transmission spectrum upon immersion in an oil of refractive index higher than that of the fibre cladding. The change in profile of an attenuation band is shown to depend on the direction of immersion, indicating the possibility of using such devices in applications such as resin flow sensing in the manufacture of fibre reinforce plastic composite structures.
A transverse loading technique to enhance the pressure measurement capability of fibre Bragg gratings, Ricardo Correia, Edmon Chehura, Stephen W. James, Ralph P. Tatam, Cranfield Univ. (United Kingdom) [7004-255]
A fibre optic pressure sensor based on the application of a transverse load onto an epoxy-resin material embedded over a sub-section of a fibre Bragg grating (FBG) is presented.
Optical fiber spectroscopy for measuring quality indicators of lubricant oils, Anna Grazia Mignani, Leonardo Ciaccheri, Istituto di Fisica Applicata Nello Carrara (Italy); Natalia Díaz-Herrera, Univ. Complutense de Madrid (Spain); Andrea A. Mencaglia, Istituto di Fisica Applicata Nello Carrara (Italy); Heidi Ottevaere, Hugo Thienpont, Vrije Univ. Brussel (Belgium); Stefano Francalanci, Alessandro Paccagnini, Mecoil Diagnosi Meccaniche S.r.l. (Italy); Francesco Pavone, Univ. degli Studi di Firenze (Italy) [7004-257]
UV-VIS-NIR absorption spectroscopy, fluorescence spectroscopy and scattering measurements, performed by optical fiber based instrumentation, were used to predict quality parameters of lubricant oils from different turbines and different degrees of degradation.
Optical fiber fluorescence spectroscopy for detecting AFM1 in milk, Anna Grazia Mignani, Costanza Cucci, Leonardo Ciaccheri, Istituto di Fisica Applicata Nello Carrara (Italy); Chiara Dall'Asta, Gianni Galaverna, Arnaldo Dossena, Rosangela Marchelli, Univ. degli Studi di Parma (Italy) [7004-258]
Fluorescence spectroscopy carried out by means of optical fibers was used for the rapid screening of M1 aflatoxin in milk, enabling the detection of concentrations up to the legal limit, which is 50 ppt.
Fiber optic level indicator for liquid hydrogen, Sergei N. Khotiaintsev, Univ. Nacional Autónoma de México (Mexico); Volodymyr Svyryd, Univ. Nacional Autónoma de México (Mongolia) [7004-261]
A fiber-optic liquid-level indicator was developed for use in the liquid-hydrogen storage tanks. It employs an improved fiber-optic refractometric transducer which is optimized for the reliable discrimination between the liquid and gaseous hydrogen.
Polarization mode beating intracavity technique for fiber laser sensing, Andrea Rosales-García, Ted Morse, Boston Univ.; Juan Hernández-Cordero, Univ. Nacional Autónoma de México (Mexico) [7004-262]
We propose a novel technique for measuring small changes of two independent polarization mode signals from within a single-frequency fiber laser cavity. Polarization mode beating measurement techniques eliminate intracavity common noise yielding highly sensitive detection.
Respiratory gating of endoscopic OCT images of the upper airway, Robert A. McLaughlin, Julian J. Armstrong, Sven Becker, The Univ. of Western Australia (Australia); Jennifer H. Walsh, Jason Kirkness, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital (Australia); Matthew S. Leigh, The Univ. of Western Australia (Australia); Jonathan Williamson, David R. Hillman M.D., Peter R. Eastwood, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital (Australia); David D. Sampson, The Univ. of Western Australia (Australia) [7004-263]
Anatomical optical coherence tomography (aOCT) is an endoscopic imaging modality that can be used to quantify size and shape of the upper airway. We report the application of respiratory gating to aOCT images. Our results show that respiratory gating can reduce motion artefact in upper airway images. Using an error metric based on distance to the dominant reflection in each A-scan, we found notable improvements when the breath cycle was partitioned into approximately four gates, but only minor improvements as the number of gates was further increased.
Smart sensors for the petroleum sector based on long period gratings supervised by artificial neural networks, Gustavo R. C.Possetti, Francelli K. Coradin, Univ. Tecnológica Federal do Paraná (Brazil); Lílian C. Côcco, Carlos I. Yamamoto, Univ. Federal do Paraná (Brazil); Lucia V. R.de Arruda, Univ. Tecnológica Federal do Paraná (Brazil); Rosane Falate, Univ. Estadual de Ponta Grossa (Brazil); Marcia Müller, José L. Fabris, Univ. Tecnológica Federal do Paraná (Brazil) [7004-265]
This work report the capability of the measurement systems based on long period gratings used to identify substances simulating flow in a pipeline, and to assess the gasoline conformity, supervised by artificial neural networks.
Investigation of embedded near-infrared fibre Bragg grating (FBG) sensors (830 nm) in structural health monitoring of glass fibre composite structures, Jayantha A. Epaarachchi, Univ. of Southern Queensland (Australia) and The Univ. of Sydney (Australia); John Canning, Michael Stevenson, The Univ. of Sydney (Australia) [7004-266]
Conventional FBG sensors (830nm) were embedded in E-Glass/Vinylester composite samples to investigate the response after dynamic loading. Some conclusions were made on the sensitivity and durability FBG strain sensors in damage detection of composite structures.
A proposed fibre optic time domain optical coherence tomography system using a microphotonic stationary optical delay line, Paul V. Jansz, Graham Wild, Steven Hinckley, Edith Cowan Univ. (Australia) [7004-268]
Conventional time domain OCT relies on a reference Optical Delay Line (ODL). These reference ODLs require the physical movement of a mirror to scan a given depth range. This movement results in instrument degradation. We propose a new optical fibre based time domain OCT system that makes use of a micro-photonic structure as a stationary ODL. The micro-photonic structure is a one dimensional array of stagged mirror steps, called a Stepped Mirror Structure (SMS). The system enables the selection of discrete optical delay lengths. The proposed ODL is capable of depth hoping and multicasting. We discuss the fabrication of the SMS, which consists of eight steps, each approximately 150μm high. A change in notch frequency using an in-fibre Mach Zhender interferometer was used to gauge the average step height. The results gave an average step height of 146μm. The proposed OCT system uses either a Michelson or a Mach-Zhender in-fibre interferometer.
Use of first-order diffraction wavelengths corresponding to dual-grating periodicities in a single fiber Bragg grating for simultaneous temperature and strain measurement, Sui P. Yam, Zourab Brodzeli, Victoria Univ. (Australia); Scott A. Wade, Monash Univ. (Australia); Gregory W. Baxter, Stephen F. Collins, Victoria Univ. (Australia) [7004-269]
A fibre Bragg grating sensor fabricated by a phase mask with 536 nm uniform pitch is presented, in which two peaks occur, due to reflection/transmission at the Bragg wavelength and at double the Bragg wavelength.
Novel in-line fiber optic etalon formed by hollow-core photonic crystal fiber, Yun-Jiang Rao, Tao Zhu, Xiaoceng Yang, Dewen Duan, Chongqing Univ. (China) [7004-77]
A fiber-optic in-line etalon formed by splicing a section of hollow-core PCF in between two single-mode fibers is reported, which allows the cavity length to be as long as several centimeters with good visibility.
Distributed intrusion detection based on combination of ps-OTDR and POTDR, Yun-Jiang Rao, Jianzhong Li, Univ. of Electronic Science and Technology of China (China) [7004-272]
A distributed optical fiber intrusion detection system, based on the combination of the phase-sensitive optical time-domain reflectometer (ps-OTDR) and the polarization optical time domain reflectometer (POTDR), is proposed and demonstrated.
Neural networks improving robustness on fiber Bragg gratings interrogation systems under optical power variations, Antonio C. Zimmermann, Celso L. Nickel Veiga, Leonardo Soliz Encinas, Univ. Federal de Santa Catarina (Brazil) [7004-274]
This work present signal processing methodology based on the process knowledge learned by Artificial Neural Networks – ANN aiming to compensate the undesirable power variations of the light in a Fiber Bragg Grating – FBG demodulation system.
A high reliable liquid pressure sensor based on dual FBGs, Zhi Zhou, Harbin Institute of Technology (China) [7004-278]
A practical dual FBGs based high-reliable liquid pressure sensor has been optimized, and its sensing principle is given in details. Serious experimental results show the sensor has good linearity, repetition and immunity of temperature changes.
Experimental investigation of RC beams using BOTDA(R)-FRP-OF, Zhi Zhou, Harbin Institute of Technology (China) [7004-279]
Large strain, crack and slip between the rebar and concrete have been investigated on five reinforced concrete beams installed with high durable and large strain FRP-packaged optical fiber sensors using BOTDA(R) technique.
Long-range quasi-distributed high-temperature sensing based on fiber Bragg grating imbedded in high-thermal conductive sheath cable, Woosung Ha, Jongki Kim, MinGyu Park, Yonsei Univ. (South Korea); Andrei Csipkes, Micron Optics, Inc.; Kyunghwan Oh, Yonsei Univ. (South Korea) [7004-282]
We experimentally demonstrate the potential of quasi-distributed high temperature sensor based on FBG utilizing high thermal conductive sheath, which can be a cost-effective alternative for conventional distributed temperature sensors using Raman, Brillouin, and Rayleigh scattering.
Low-cost interrogation technique for a FBG sensor for combined transverse and longitudinal strain measurement, Zourab Brodzeli, Gregory W. Baxter, Stephen F. Collins, Victoria Univ. (Australia); John Canning, Michael Stevenson, The Univ. of Sydney (Australia); Alexander V. Buryak, VA FutureTech Pty, Ltd. (Australia) [7004-284]
A sensor based on a Bragg grating (FBG) fabricated in Hi-Bi optical fiber allowed measurement of transverse and longitudinal strains. A novel interrogation technique that enables information about transverse and longitudinal strain to be deduced from changes in FBG reflectance spectra is proposed. The scheme enables translation of spectral information into optical power received at a pair of sensor heads.